|
A fallacy is an incorrect argument in logic and rhetoric which undermines an argument's logical validity or more generally an argument's logical soundness. Fallacies are either formal fallacies or informal fallacies. == Formal fallacies == (詳細はargument's form. All formal fallacies are specific types of non sequiturs. * Anecdotal fallacy – using a personal experience or an isolated example instead of sound reasoning or compelling evidence. * Appeal to probability – is a statement that takes something for granted because it would probably be the case (or might be the case). * Argument from fallacy – assumes that if an ''argument'' for some conclusion is fallacious, then the ''conclusion'' is false. * Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgment based on conditional probabilities, without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities. * Conjunction fallacy – assumption that an outcome simultaneously satisfying multiple conditions is more probable than an outcome satisfying a single one of them. * Masked man fallacy (illicit substitution of identicals) – the substitution of identical designators in a true statement can lead to a false one. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of fallacies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|